Punching shear reinforcement example. What Is Punching Shear And Where Does It Happen? 1.
Punching shear reinforcement example It’s quite an extensive calculation following EN 1992-1-1 6. Changing the form of structure includes deepening the slab, making the column Two-way (punching) shear calculations are performed to ensure that the concrete slab design shear strength, v r = v c, shall be greater than or equal to the factored shear stress, v f. ACI 318-11 sections 11. A more detailed explanation can be found on this page – What is punching shear? Feb 22, 2022 · And in accordance with clause 5. This shows that the punching strength of reinforced concrete Jul 1, 2008 · A mechanical explanation of the phenomenon of punching shear in slabs without transverse reinforcement is presented on the basis of the opening of a critical shear crack. Design reinforcement if reasonable, if not, change form of structure. If punching shear reinforcement is shown to be necessary, the punching shear reinforcement should be placed between the loaded area and the length k ⋅ d within the perimeter where shear reinforcement is not necessary, u out,ef. Sep 2, 2024 · Before you check punching shear in Tekla Structural Designer you should familiarize yourself with some concepts that apply to the punching checks generally and others that apply when the checks are being used to design shear rail reinforcement. 2. This is especially critical near corner and edge columns where the shear stresses in the slab are typically the highest. 30. Shear reinforcement consisting of vertical rods (studs) or the equivalent, mechanically anchored at each end, can be used. It first calculates the punching shear resistance at the column face to check if it exceeds the design shear force. Leviat has performed dozens of punching shear tests over many years meaning engineers all over the world can use this guide, and specify punching shear reinforcement, with confidence. ) d = mean effective depth of the slabs (mm) V v v u d Ed Jan 9, 2021 · A common example is a column reaction in a slab, which cause punching shear failure in the slab if the shear stress is too high or no shear reinforcement is used in the slab. b o = 4(c + d) ACI 318 permits the engineer to take the average of the effective depth in the two orthogonal Punching shear calculation applies to column-supported slabs, classified as two-way structural systems. Vertical Shear (one-way shear) in Pile caps. The column by which the designer enters the table is again based on the value of the longitudinal strain at mid-depth ε x. 4. 5% drift, when a punching shear failure outside the shear-reinforced zone marked the failure of the specimen. 1R-08, Guide to Shear Reinforcement for Slabs, and ACI 421. To confirm, that designed amount of shear reinforcement is sufficient, the punching resistance of a plate with shear reinforcement is verified in required number of control perimeters, n c,per, as follows. Assume that there is no shear head. 5 (headed shear stud reinforcement) are not supported. Generically, punching is a three-dimensional, brittle failure mechanism leading to a truncated cone that separates from the slab. This punching shear is similarly induced in the footing on which the column bears. Comparison showed that, for punching shear resistance by concrete only and with added reinforcement, ECP 2018 and ACI 318 give Their study showed significant insights into the impact of the GFRP reinforcement ratio on both punching shear capacity and deflection reduction. v Rd,cs = 0. Here is some information on those calculations. 2: Mushroom ceilings. From a summary of the flat slab, the problem of punching shear May 1, 2019 · The effects of flexural reinforcement and shear reinforcement on the punching shear strength of slab–column connections are analyzed in this study. 3. Punching will be verified at two locations: the column interface and the critical control perimeter-2d from the column interface. Material: C35/S420. Additionally, a novel fracture-mechanics-derived formula for assessing the punching shear capacity of slab-column connection that incorporates the slenderness factor was introduced. At the column perimeter, the maximum punching shear stress should not be exceeded. Jan 5, 2025 · In this guide, we’ll show step-by-step, how you design and verify flat slabs for punching shear. 2 Design Beam Shear Reinforcement 1. Failure occurs in perimeter defined away from the concentrated load. or u out. where Punching shear in slabs is analogous to shear in beams. Jan 1, 2010 · The design method in Eurocode 2 is shown to be overly conservative for ACI-type punching shear reinforcement and a modification is proposed. Other parameters in the calculation are listed as follows. Punching Shear Failure Zone for Slabs above and below the column. The Rangan paper and ACI 318 rules suggest that equation 9. Fig. Jan 1, 1991 · Punching Shear Reinforcement. cs) b. 3-14, Design of Concrete Structures, and recommendations of ACI 421. 0 d around the column V Rd,c = C Rd,c ⋅ k ⋅ (100 ⋅ ρ l ⋅ f ck) 1/3 ⋅ d ⋅ u 1 ≥ ν min Verification: Comparison of the load-bearing capacity without punching shear reinforcement with the effective column Jan 16, 2025 · Punching shear refers to a mode of structural slab failure that occurs around concentrated load-bearing points. 3,0 30 0. ef) 7. The design method meets the requirements of ACI 318-14, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, Canadian Standard CSA A23. Punching Shear Basics. 8. 5 (d/s r)A sw f ywd,ef (1/u 1 d)sin a. punching shear strength of slab-column connections is given in ACI 318-14 Section 8. The design to prevent punching shear failure proceeds as: 1- Check if the concrete is strong enough alone; 2- If not, check if the amount of reinforcement is reasonable; 3- Design reinforcement if reasonable, if not, change the form of structure. V Rdc = 0. Mar 27, 2023 · Punching Verification. 75 d; A w s is the area of one perimeter of shear reinforcement around the column; α is the angle between the shear reinforcement and the horizontal plane of the slab; and f y w k The AS 3600 Punching Shear Model. 6 covers the requirements for checking punching shear. ” To be Punching strength without shear reinforcement The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. V Ed < V Rd,max Where; V Ed = βV Ed /u 0 d. The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. 3). Punching shear or deflection are the governing factors for the design two-way slabs or transfer, so it is critical that all structural engineers understand p Jan 5, 2025 · 7. 3. The variables considered in the tests included the area of shear reinforcement and the extension of the stirrups from the column face. Punching shear failure of a flat slab due to concentrated force at column support. 5 x 2700 x 1294 x 10^ (-3) = 1969. Punching Shear Diagram Punching shear in flat slabs occurs around the columns where there is a concentration of shear stresses due to the reaction load. The c. Like footings, it is common practice not to use shear reinforcement in pile caps. The design of punching shear reinforcement typically consists of the following steps: • Resistance of the slab without punching shear reinforcement at critical perimeter u 1 vv Ed Rd c , (2. 75 v Rd,c + 1. 1R-3 forms of such devices were applied and tested by other in-vestigators, as described in Appendix A. 5 (d/sr) Asw fywd, ef (1/u1d) sin a; where: Asw = area of shear reinforcement in one perimeter around the column (subject to Asw, min) sr = radial spacing of perimeters of shear reinforcement Sep 25, 2024 · Answer: SAFE checks punching shear twice, once for column punching through the drop panel, then once for drop-panel punching through the slab. In this sequence, SAFE traces the punching perimeters required for calculation. They are design for vertical shear, punching shear at column perimeter, and at basic control perimeter. 25 d ≤ fywd (MPa. . In this example Aug 22, 2024 · Hello everyoneI'm designing a flat slab as per ACI. 32 (calculation of reinforced concrete elements without shear reinforcement for the action of a shear force to ensure Jun 15, 2021 · Takeaway. One-way shear checks are shown for illustration as two-way shear normally governs the design. Check the Pile Cap for Punching Shear. Sep 1, 2019 · The punching shear capacity improved by 6% when the ratio of flexural reinforcement was increased to 20% from the control specimen. a. 42 kN/m 2 (Concrete design tensile strength) Dec 22, 2022 · To clarify the discussion, the paper provides numerical examples. 3 (shear reinforcement), 11. 2. Jun 5, 2022 · For example, failures occurring beyond the last reinforcement perimeter in slabs with transverse reinforcement, are characterized by values of the unit punching shear strength lower than non-reinforced slabs, whose failure surfaces arise at a lower distance from the column or the loaded area. Punching Shear Design. Slab thickness: 27 cm. Footing design includes two shear checks per ACI 318: One-way shear, and Punching shear. The maximum load at failure was greater than that of the corresponding specimens without shear reinforcement of about 30% to almost 60%. For the study, six slab–column connection specimens were constructed with varying flexural reinforcement and shear reinforcement, and were subjected to gravity load tests. 5) is the shear reinforcement ratio (assuming a smeared amount of shear reinforcement in the first two rows related to the control perimeter b 0. When the reinforcement type is set to stirrup, the Punching Shear Reinforcement report is shown similar to the example in the following image. 5𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑤 . The paper describes a series of three-dimensional non May 1, 2021 · Punching shear is a failure mechanism in slabs and foundations, which causes shear stresses to develop at a perimeter of 2. 75d. V Rdc = v Rdc x bd. 32 1642 204 10 390 kN 661kN 1. Punching shear is a phenomenon where a concentrated force on a slab causes a shear failure cone that "punches" through. 11 of ACI 318-08. 3(2) is an upper bound value for shear strength and that the shear reinforcement required Fig. 5 ck Rd c v d c f Vk bd V Punching strength with shear reinforcement Firstly, one has to check if the design shear force V d is smaller than the Pile caps are to be designed for shear like other members subjected to point load. The shear strength is usually provided by concrete alone in order to avoid expensive shear reinforcement, therefore shear could control the footing thickness. 1 Design Flexural Reinforcement 1. FDB 14/3 describes a punching shear reinforcement (FDB = Filigran Durchstanzbewehrung = FiligranÒ-Punching-Shear-Reinforcement) with a height of 140 mm and an overlapping of 30 mm. Due to crack formation and fracture kinematics, – design value of the punching shear resistance of a slab without punching shear reinforcement along the control section considered R𝑅 , – design value of the punching shear resistance of a slab without punching shear reinforcement along the control section considered R𝑅 , 𝑎 Jan 31, 2018 · Example 16 Shear wall . / (s r ∙ b 0. Punching strength without shear reinforcement . where: A sw = area of shear reinforcement in one perimeter around the column (subject to A sw,min) s r = radial spacing of perimeters of shear reinforcement Asw = area of shear reinforcement in each perimeter around the col. @ Column Interface This article presents an alternative method for designing concrete flat slabs subjected to flexure-induced punching. Punching shear calculations require a demand value and a Introduction to Punching Shear Reinforcement Structures incorporating flat plate slab construction techniques save costs and allow optimum use of building space, but they can also cause increased punching shear loads at column locations. Apr 28, 2020 · In order to avoid this kind of failure in slabs, there are two options available to a structural engineer: (1) is to size the concrete element such that the punching shear stress is less than the concrete shear strength of the concrete element. 5 ∙ A sw,1. In the punching shear tests different types were tested (see Table 1). 300 3, 0 = = ⋅ ⋅ − = ≤ = v d c ck Rd c b d V f V k ψ γ Punching strength with shear reinforcement Firstly, one has to check if the design shear Punching Shear Check Example 1. of stirrups when used as ACI-type punching shear reinforcement at internal columns. 26 of SNiP 2. Since V ED < V Rdc the section is adequate for one way shear . The punching shall be checked at the column perimeter and at perimeter 2d from the column face In this video, we investigate how to analyze a slab for punching shear, how to design rebar and stud rails, and some theory, tips and tricks. 1 Design for Flexure 1-31 1-31 1. I can't add drop panels due to architectural limitations so I'm only left with additional reinforcement for punching. Punching shear calculations are provided for columns/pedestals that land on concrete slabs. Under punching shear theory, inclined cracks are assumed to originate and propagate at 45 degrees away and down from the column corners. If not, check if the amount of reinforcement is reasonable; 3. 2 Check for Punching Shear 1. The overall depth of pile cap shall also be selected such that the effective depth of bottom Punching Shear Design. 5𝑑 𝐴𝑠𝑤 is provided over at least two perimeters of which the first perimeter should not contain less than 0. The measured shear Nov 12, 2023 · However, there are several factors that can lead to a decrease in the punching shear strength of flat slabs. Even in the early days of concrete structures, the problem of punching shear at the column head area was already The document provides examples of calculations for punching shear resistance in slabs at column faces. cs) at the Control Perimeter (u 1) with Reinforcement. installation of punching shear reinforcement. Example 17 Axially loaded footing . 2) • Resistance of the punching shear reinforcement inside zone C: vv Nov 5, 2024 · The cover to the upper most layer of steel reinforcement is 25mm. I came to punching shear which showed some of my column are unsafe (in the blue region - meaning the software automatically added reinforcement to make punching safe). In the figure-1, D ped is the depth of the pedestal. Example 18 Isolated footing subjected to axial l oad and moment. The supporting Shearfix software reflects this method. According to ACI 8. To be of the punching shear strength of slab-column connections is given in Section 11. An assumption fundamental to the punching-shear check is that each column has one drop. 1, for punching shear with factored slab moment resisted by the column, factored shear stress v u should be calculated at critical sections. i. If a different entity is highlighted, press the <down arrow> cursor key until the correct reference is shown in the Select Entity tooltip. 1) • Maximum resistance of the slabs at critical perimeter u 1 vv Ed Rd ,max (2. 5 is the control perimeter at a distance 0. The punch area is calculated at an average distance of d/2 from column face on all sides (Fig. shear forces at the critical sections around columns as well as piles. Experimental results showed that all specimens were destroyed by SHEAR REINFORCEMENT FOR SLABS 421. Click on image to enlarge it. 1. 3 Design Beam Torsion Reinforcement 1-12 1-12 1-23 1-26 1. +2. 32. This chapter gives an overview of punching shear design and advice on using RAM Conce pt ’s punching shear design capabilities. 75 vRd, c + 1. Factored shear stress v u corresponds to combinations of v uv and γ v M sc. – design value of the punching shear resistance of a slab without punching shear reinforcement along the control section considered R𝑅 , 𝑎 – design value of the maximum punching shear resistance along the control section considered The following checks should be done: Factored Two-way Shear Stress Due to Shear and Factored Slab Moment Resisted by the Column. 2 DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENTS OF PUNCHING REINFORCEMENT Nov 20, 2024 · The weight of a slab supported on a column induces shear stresses in the slab. vRd, cs is taken as 0. Enjoy!Punching v Rd,cs = design value of punching shear resistance of a slab with punching shear reinforcement, expressed as a stress. 3 Design Punching Shear Reinforcement 1-33 1-37 been placed into service, the investigation of the beam shear and punching shear must be done carefully to maintain the floor load carrying capacity and avoid costly and labor-intensive reinforcement of the floor slab. 5. 4: Punching shear solutions using closely spaced stirrups. sr = radial spacing of layers of shear reinforcement α = angle between the shear reinforcement and the plane of slab fywd,ef = effective design strength of the punching shear reinforcement, = 250 + 0. 5d from the column face with successive perimeters positioned at spacings of 0. 7. The value of k varies for different countries, it's recommended value is equal to 1. 1. The design method for Shearfix punching shear reinforcement is based on section 6. element is subjected to punching action and they need to be designed for it. Firstly, one has to check if the design shear force V Nov 7, 2024 · This limits the shear crack opening, reduces the strains on the punching shear reinforcement at the same load level and thus enables a higher punching shear resistance. 1 Punching Shear Resistance with Punching Shear Reinforcement. 4 (shearheads) and 11. In this guide, all types of mechanically anchored shear reinforcement are referred to as shear stud or stud. Design Considerations for Punching Shear in Slabs The Punching Ancon Shearfix Punching Shear Reinforcement Design Manual 6 April 2021 5 f yk Characteristic tensile strength of reinforcement f ywd Design strength of the punching shear reinforcement f ywd,ef Effective design strength of the punching shear reinforcement g _ Distance of slab edge from column (with suffices a, b, D, L, y, z) – see section 8. The intersection of shear reinforcement and cracks can be anywhere over the Punching strength without shear reinforcement The punching shear strength of the concrete is not sufficient. 8 Slab Design 1. Punching strength without shear reinforcement Generally, design codes define the punching strength without shear reinforcement by assuming a In BS8110 section 3. Punching shear is a failure that can occur in flat slabs at their point supports (columns). Jan 5, 2025 · In this guide, we’ll show step-by-step, how you design and verify flat slabs for punching shear. Jul 21, 2022 · Design an individual punching check item from within the Punching Shear Reinforcement Properties dialog Hover the mouse pointer over the punching check. 18, 19 On the other hand, in the presence of a strong and properly placed punching shear reinforcement, a failure occurs in which the load capacity is limited by the efficiency Convert the shear capacity to resistance and compare against design shear force. Minimum punching shear reinforcement 6. The required punching shear reinforcement is calculated according to the adjusted Expression 6. 5d from column edge and V punching shear reinforcement to EC2. In the example calculation, a punching calculation will be made for a column whose dimensions are 100x80. 11. V Rd,max = 0. Jan 15, 2023 · For slabs with punching shear reinforcement, the punching shear reinforcement must be able to absorb the shear forces generated. Third, if needed it calculates the required area of shear reinforcement. Load Combinations. Thus, only column C3 is considered. Punching Shear Design Example. Six 3 m square slabs were tested with various arrangements of punching shear reinforcement. Slabs, pile caps, footings, raft foundations, etc. 1) consists of mechanically welded threedimensional reinforcement elements of bars B500A with characteristic yield strength of 500 MPa. One-way shear is critical in pile caps at a distance of Ф/5 from the surface of the piles within the piles. Reinforcement Type: Stirrup. Check if the concrete is strong enough alone; 2. This writing (i) defines the different conditions for punching shear calculation, (ii) presents the relationships used for code check of each condition using ACI-318, (iii) presents a numerical example for each condition, and (iv Jun 18, 2018 · The design for punching shear resistance in flat slabs normally involves controlling the thickness of the slab or providing punching shear reinforcement. 4 of BS EN 1992-1-1:2004, and is outlined within this Design Manual. To determine the row, the spacing of the layers of crack-control reinforcement Jan 29, 2018 · Structural Design Check for punching shear at column perimeter We can determine the thickness of the raft slab by considering the punching shear at the column perimeter. The design to prevent punching shear failure proceeds as: 1. The critical section for punching shear is assumed to be at d om /2 from the face of the loaded area or support, where d om represents the mean value of d o, averaged around the critical perimeter. Consequently, shear reinforcement is necessary. 1: Punching shear failure. The following notes provide a brief overview of these; then in the next section we will use specific In this video we go over what two way/punching shear is with some visual examples, and solve a question using the limits prescribed in the Canadian concrete Ensuring that a slab will not fail in punching shear is one of the most important tasks in slab design. Total cross-sectional area of shear reinforcement. Slab cover: 3 cm. Design value of the maximum punching shear resistance 5. g. The flat slab to be designed for punching has already been analyzed using equivalent frame method here, and then designed for flexural strength here. The required shear reinforcement Σ1. e all the loads are concentric. 4Σ1. Punching Shear capacity without Shear reinforcement. 0d from the edge of the column face. often provide no more than nominal shear reinforcement to comply with this clause. Second, it calculates the punching shear resistance of the slab without shear reinforcement. 8KN. Punching Shear Checks for Walls, Point Loads, and non-Concrete Columns. Geometry Properties Of The Slab And Column. What Is Punching Shear And Where Does It Happen? 1. Despite this similarity, current design codes provide distinctly different methods for the design of shear reinforcement in the two situations. Jan 1, 1992 · Punching resistance with shear reinforcement. The most common causes of punching shear failure are punching of a column (under) or a point load (over) through a slab. ULS Punching Shear Verification. In this example, punching shear, by inspection appear to be more critical on column C3. 01-84* in solid slabs, regardless of height, it is allowed not to install shear reinforcement, while ensuring the calculation requirements according to the instructions in clause 3. The punching shear capacity without shear reinforcement is to be checked at the basic control perimeter u1. To design shear reinforcement in slabs, on Oct 12, 2017 · vRd, cs = design value of punching shear resistance of a slab with punching shear reinforcement, expressed as a stress. The shear resistance of reinforced concrete without reinforcement is given in EN 1992-1-1-2004 as: V Rdc = (C Rdc K(100 ρL f ck) 1/3 + K1σ cp) b w d ≥ (v min + K 1 σ cp) b w d E. That’s why we have written a full article which covers the whole process step-by-step: 👇👇 Aug 22, 2024 · Hello everyoneI'm designing a flat slab as per ACI. Determination of the punching shear resistance V Rd,c without punching shear reinforcement at a circular cut at a distance of 2. The shear reinforcement is either inserted perpendicular to the expected crack, e. How does shear reinforcement impact punching shear capacity? Shear reinforcement, such as headed bars or shear studs, significantly increases the Jul 17, 2014 · Although generally preceded by flexural failure, punching shear is a brittle failure mode and the risk of progressive collapse requires a higher safety class in structural design. n c,per = [s 0 + (n per - 1) ∙ s r] / a u1. 29. This article presents a worked example on the design of punching shear for flat slabs to BS EN 1992-1-1-2004 (Eurocode 2). 0. Two-way shear is more common and is the focus of the ACI 318 code provisions discussed here. 0 d around the column V Rd,c = C Rd,c ⋅ k ⋅ (100 ⋅ ρ l ⋅ f ck) 1/3 ⋅ d ⋅ u 1 ≥ ν min Verification: Comparison of the load-bearing capacity without punching shear reinforcement with the effective column Arrangement of punching shear stud reinforcement at different column conditions is shown in the following image. The plan extent of the shear reinforcement is also not clearly stated in the clause. vvn u The combined two-way (punching) shear stress, vu, is calculated as the summation of direct shear alone and Dec 15, 2021 · where ρ sw = A sw / (s r ∙ s t) = 0. For example, the Eurocode method for beam shear design is founded on the theory of rigid plasticity. These include casting concrete with a compressive strength lower than the intended value, incorrectly placing the punching shear reinforcement, and neglecting tension forces caused by shrinkage restraint or temperature changes, which have been shown to reduce the shear strength of the The specimens with shear reinforcement failed in punching inside the shear reinforced zone by crushing of concrete struts close to the column. f ctd = 1380. Apr 2, 2024 · If shear reinforcement is provided, the punching shear stress resistance depends on the following variables: s r is the spacing of shear reinforcement, limited to 0. Punching shear is a failure mechanism when structural elements subjected to concentrated load. If the design of v Rd,max has been performed successfully, the required punching shear reinforcement is determined in the next step. Two-way (punching) Shear Calculations Two-way (punching) shear calculations are performed to ensure that the concrete slab design shear strength, vn, shall be greater than or equal to the factored shear stress, vu. Sep 5, 2019 · In order to design the shear reinforcement, EN 1992-1-1 gives clear provisions to calculate the resistance of the slab without punching reinforcement (v Rd,c) and to consider number and diameter of reinforcement links in basic control perimeter and number of perimeters or reinforcement links necessary to activate a sufficient resistance on the way punching shear is seen in slabs supported on all sides. Punching Shear Resistance (v Rd. This Design Manual and the Shearfix program accommodate some column shapes and loc ations and Punching Shear Design The design to prevent punching shear failure proceeds as: 1. 52 of EN 1992‑1‑1 [1]. 5), f ywd is the design strength of shear reinforcement, b 0. 3: “Kahn” steel reinforcement system. 4(2) of EC2 states that punching shear should also be checked at perimeters within 2d from the column face where d is the average effective depth of the tension reinforcement in the two orthogonal directions. 5vf cd The punching shear capacity of a concrete slab around the columns typically governs the thickness of the slab, thus, any openings at the intersection of column strips should be considered carefully. The first perimeter of shear reinforcement is provided at 0. The ‘d’ is the effective depth of the slab. Jan 6, 2022 · Punching shear should be checked at the face of the column and clause 6. Calculate the punching shear capacity of the slab assuming that there is no bending moment transferred into the column from the slab. CHAPTER 2—ROLE OF SHEAR REINFORCEMENT Shear reinforcement is required to intercept shear cracks and prevent them from widening. When A v < A v,min, a second table is used. 5 30 0. 5 ck Rd c v d c f Vk bd V ψ γ == ⋅⋅=<= −: Punching strength with shear reinforcement . In this report, all types of mechanically anchored shear reinforcement are referred to as “shear stud” or “stud. 5: DECON ® Studrails efficiently resist punching shear and enable flat slab construction. Protostructures punching shear check cannot be used without a reasonable understanding of the code [s requirements. vrc= f The combined two-way (punching) shear stress, v f, is calculated as the summation of direct shear alone and direct shear transfer resulting from the Fig. Mar 15, 2020 · The specimen with shear reinforcement, C-SSR5b, continued to carry the gravity load even after significant flexural yielding of the top reinforcement, until a 5. While vertical punching shear reinforcement elements like stirrups9-11 and double-headed studs12-15 significantly increase the punching shear resistance of flat slabs, this load-increase is less pronounced for footings7-8. These stresses, if sufficient and where additional reinforcement is not provided, would result in the column ‘punching’ through the slab. 1642 204 10 367 kN 661kN 1. Filigran -Punching-Shear-Reinforcement (Fig. (2) Design shear reinforcement to resist punching shear. Control perimeter where shear reinforcement is not required, (u out. in the form of bent-up longitudinal bars or vertical to the expected cracks. The punching shear perimeter is formed at a distance of d/2 from the edges of the column or the pedestal. 2R magnitudes of both the concrete and shear-reinforcement contributions to shear resistance decrease. 4. Characteristic Loads. It is possible that punching shear failures can occur around walls (especially walls with a short length). 03. sptsgqom geebxh owomdb fjcp lyh qzemv xasg bwfpx beigc tbve