Public policy in ethiopia. org ISSN 2224-5731(Paper) ISSN 2225-0972(Online) Vol.

Public policy in ethiopia It sheds light on the regional level policy actors and institutions, policy analysis and The Ethiopian Policy Institute (EPI) is a think tank based in Washington D. (2005). There are also other policy documents that are introduced to facilitate the research perspective, Ethiopia’s real GDP growth during 2004-18 was the second highest in the world; second only to gas-rich Qatar. Political scientists approach public policy in myriad ways. and Cable V. Some approach … Expand This paper provides a baseline assessment of public policy responses in Ethiopia with a focus on outlining the evolution of responses within policy, institutional and financial frameworks and key development programmes. It is where theory meets practice in the pursuit of the public good. 25, 2015. Improved public service deliveries through the effective use of citizen engagement policies and strategies by governments and other governance actors are not explored. Ato Seifu Hagos, B. The political economy of policy change in Ethiopia Improve efficiency, health care finance capacity at all levels and public private partnership Cover the areas of Health Economics, Supply Chain Management, Equity and Efficiency Analysis, Operational Research (Evidence-based Programming into Policy), Capacity Building and Curriculum Development, Integrated Information Systems, Knowledge Professional associations, CSO watchdog bodies, 7 Ethiopia: Synergies in ‗Public Policy Transformation‘ in the GTP II Costantinos consumer associations, and religious leaders can build coalitions against corruption and can play a crucial role in informing the public as to the extent and consequences of corruption. National policy which seeks to reshape settlement patterns and systems. In recent years, the use of ontologies has Accordingly, the study on which this article is based aspired to establish whether Public Administration education and training programmes being used at Ethiopian universities include public policy capacity development in order to provide civil servants with the policy skills that they need to function effectively in the execution of public This book is essential for students, practitioners, and theorists interested in public administration, public policy, and sustainable development. The objectives of this study, therefore, is to examine the status Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). It also discusses key health indicators and challenges in Ethiopia, such as low life expectancy. This document outlines the harmonized academic policy for Ethiopian public higher education institutions. This policy dialogue was informed by an evidence brief for policy. , and M. The chapters in the volume contribute to answering the overarching question: How can we describe and explain the contexts The Need for Public Policy Initiatives to Retain Medical Doctors in Ethiopia by BerhanuBalaker MPA, American University in Cairo, 1989 B Ed, Addis Ababa University, 1982 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University January 2018 Today's top 9 Public Administration jobs in Ethiopia. iiste. Compared to the LAND SCARCITY, TENURE CHANGE AND PUBLIC POLICY IN THE AFRICAN CASE OF ETHIOPIA: EVIDENCE ON EFFICACY AND UNMET DEMANDS FOR LAND RIGHTS 1. Though limited in its scope, the book ignites some needs to looking into the popular policy views, practices, and overall impacts of public policies in the country. Explanatory analysis methods are used to analyze primary and secondary qualitative data. The study aims to provide a structured representation of concepts, relationships, and knowledge specific to the Ethiopian policy context. The papers do not represent the official policy or views of UNDP. 1076/2018 facilitating Public-Private Partnership. For instance, since 2020, much of northern Ethiopia has been in ceaseless conflict, including the Amhara, Tigray and Afar regions. Oct 29, 2024 · The Rule of Law in Ethiopia. the Public Body and has secured the consent of the Procurement Endorsing Committee. Over the past decade, discussions on concept of good governance in public service deliveries have been unsystematic. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Moreover, land degradation is extensive and Dec 21, 2018 · Monetary Policy Regime in Ethiopia The National Bank of Ethiopia uses both direct and indirect monetary policy instruments i) Direct Instruments of Monetary Policy 1) Credit Ceiling Was a case during as recently as in 2017/18 2) Interest Rate Still NBE controls the minimum interest rate on saving and time deposits, which currently is 5 percent Public Administration in Ethiopia presents a wide range of timely issues in four thematic parts: Governance, Human Resources, Performance and Quality, and Governance of This study assessed key public procurement challenges in the Federal Government’s public sectors and presents recent empirical evidences. The finding shows that in the policy making process only one policy option was investigated and crafted; the criteria used to evaluate the proposal are not clear; sophisticated solution methods A. Understanding how groups and individuals develop and coexist in society is an essential part of public policy. Public Health Gebrezgi Gidey, M. less documented in Ethiopia’s public university context. country. It has introduced an STI policy whose objective, among others, is to promote research. Public policy, therefore, is that policy developed and implemented by government agency and officials, though non-state actors and factors may influence its process. public policy, Ethiopia appears to accept international policies as part of its public policy to struggle against underdevelopment. According to the Rule of Law Index 2024, Ethiopia’s overall score of 0. 1 Background Public administration is an area of study that AI-generated Abstract. (2015). Public policy is created at all levels of government – federal, regional, zonal and woreda – but it is not only governments that have policies. Understanding Public Policy, Pearson Prentice, Hall, New Jersey Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) Constitution (1995). 7 %âãÏÓ 746 0 obj > endobj 769 0 obj >/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[4F05D403DF9E584D93DF6A5308DA1B55>]/Index[746 57]/Info 745 0 R/Length 113/Prev 1138723/Root 747 of public policy (Atkilt 1996), must keep pace with the changing times in order to meet the aspirations of the people. outsourcing policy in ethiopia - Free download as Word Doc (. Public administration needs such personnel as specialist doctors, highly trained teachers, and telecommunications’ experts, engineers of different specializations, agronomists, veterinary doctors and myriad of other professionals Legal | Regulatory | Compliance | Public Policy · Experience: Safaricom Telecommunications Ethiopia PLC · Education: Lund University School of Economics and Management · Location: Ethiopia · 500+ connections on LinkedIn. Effective public limit: Unknown Information reviewed: 01/07/2014 Nov 30, 2020 · Public Administration in Ethiopia presents a wide range of timely issues. It covers policies on academic and technical human resources, program development and review, academic rules and regulations for undergraduate and graduate studies, and general provisions. For this reason, Ethiopia’s recent growth performance has been characterized by some as a ‘miracle’. org ISSN 2224-5731(Paper) ISSN 2225-0972(Online) Vol. It will assist policymakers in taking stock and reflecting on progress, as public policy responses are refined and implemented. The thesis begins by elaborating the background of the Ethiopian public procurement with regard to its historical genesis in the past three regimes. Thus, public ownership of Public enterprises to Public-Private actors needs to account for the substantive political change of what constitutes the public in the Public enterprises model where the state had a hegemonic role in the economy, to the nature of the public in PPPs. 7176/PPAR/10-3-03 Publication date:March 31st 2020 1. Ethiopia in the hitherto periods was characterized as highly decentralized state where the regional or local governments possess much power even some times more than the central government. Public Policy and Administration Research ISSN 2224-5731(Paper) ISSN 2225-0972(Online) Vol. 1 Growth was not only high but also stable with a standard deviation of only public outlays and debt sustainability is a key policy challenge for Ethiopia. To this end, the outcomes stand important for redesigning export trade policy/strategies to boost the performance of exports and the overall ultimate economic growth in the country, Ethiopia. txt) or read online for free. By 2022-23, the Ethiopian government was spending 37 percent of its budget on the This paper evaluates Ethiopia’s urbanization trend during the last four decades, while also considering Ethiopia’s structural transformation and recent public investments to promote greater industrialization within the country. Priming Public Policy Analysis, Synthesis, Design, Execution & Policy ‘Clinic’ in Ethiopia Office of the Prime Minister, Legal and Policy Directorate General Public Lecture - RL Vol XII No 378 MMXVIII Yetnayet Ayele, PhD, AAU Costantinos Berhutesfa Costantinos, PhD Professor of Public Policy & Sustainable Institutional Reforms https Nov 12, 2022 · Public service and public administration in modern terms date back only to the 20th century in Ethiopia. Dec 1, 2021 · The study exploits survey data gathered from 1321 enterprises in the Amhara region of Ethiopia and employs conditional mixed process (CMP) system estimation technique to test the effect of public policy on firm debt levels. 12. 6, No. D. In Ethiopia, the rule of law continues to deteriorate. 2. doc), PDF File (. This curated collection of documents offers a comprehensive overview of the various governmental and organizational approaches that have shaped Ethiopia's economic, social, and political landscape. pdf), Text File (. The Ethiopian government has unveiled a comprehensive public service and administration reform policy aimed at modernizing the civil service and enhancing service delivery to citizens. View Bethelhem Gebre’s profile on LinkedIn, a professional community of 1 billion members. 7 . Kedir. V ol. A country like Ethiopia with abundant labor force is, thus, required of to have a right employment policy in Jul 1, 2022 · Public policy develops as a statement on intent of government action (Cairney, 2020). Along with this, the study has Effective public limit: Unknown Information reviewed: 01/07/2014 Note: This Working Paper series is designed to bring the analytic work of UNDP-Ethiopia and its partners to a broad audience as a contribution to the policy agenda and debate in Ethiopia. Conclusions and Recommendations 43 Establishing Consistent Public Policy 43 Mitigating the Impact of Inequitable Customary Laws 44 Policy Mandates and Practices in a Federal System: The Case of Oromia National Regional State (Ethiopia), Journal of public policy and administration research, vol. The different forms of government are also Jul 1, 2014 · Public Policymaking in Post-1991 Ethiopia: The Case of Urban Land Lease Policy Biruk Shewakena Addis Ababa University, 2014 There is a w idespread belief that one of the critical and recurring shortcomings of the post-1991 policymaking pr ocesses happens t o b e t his imbalance between po licymaking institutions a nd societal act ors. These problems are complex, multifaceted, and often require a deep understanding of the underlying issues to develop effective solutions. 4, 2021, pp Accordingly, the study on which this article is based aspired to establish whether Public Administration education and training programmes being used at Ethiopian universities include public policy capacity development in order to provide civil servants with the policy skills that they need to function effectively in the execution of public Industrial parks in Ethiopia – expected public and total investments, employment, and wages Industrial park Expected Public employment investment ('000) (USD million) Bole Lemi I (Addis Ababa) Bole Lemi II (Addis Ababa) Kilinto (Addis Ababa) Addis Ababa: 3 Parks Jimma Adama Dire Dawa Hawassa Mekelle Kombolcha Bahir Dar Arerti (Phase I)d 60. The study do have three specific objectives to evaluate the performance of industrial sector under GTP II, to assess the internal validity, clarity and comprehensiveness of industrial policy and to exami. 4% decrease, and commensurate with a 1 position decline from 2023 (Figure 2). 7. policy proposals, legitimating policies by the action of a lawmaking body (legislature). Public Policy and Administration Research, 2020. Research and the linkage between research institutions and the industry constitute two of the eleven policy issues that the policy addresses (STI Policy, 2012). As a result, many experts and public managers included, fail to associate many of their sectoral activities with national policies cascaded from the latter, which has greater Ethiopian Public Administration under Ethiopian People Revolutionary Democratic Front (1991 up to 2019). Hence, the main purpose statement of this study is to understand the academic leadership development policy, practices, and challenges in Ethiopia’s public universities. The government believes An overview of Public Administration Education and Training Programmes to improve policy capacity in the Ethiopian Civil Service T Hailemichael Hassen Department of Management Wollo University, Ethiopia L C van Jaarsveldt Department of Public Administration and Management University of South Africa First received 14/07/13 Accepted for publication 27/10/13 ABSTRACT Public policy knowledge and This study aims at assessing the extent to which the Ethiopian policies are based on rational policy analysis. Nov 18, 2020 · Find Ethiopian policies and strategies that have been instrumental in Ethiopia's journey towards development and progress. The research follows a systematic ontology development process that incorporates domain-specific knowledge and stakeholder involvement. The inability of researchers to understand the political dynamics and external influences on policy-making undermines the utility of their advice to policy-makers (Krutwaysho & Bramwell, 2010). 3, 2020 www. It was aimed to address the specific challenges in the Ethiopian Health Extension Program (HEP). 13. This includes: •National policy initiatives to direct investment into declining industrial cities through tax concessions, employment incentives, infrastructure improvements, selective public sector procurement policies and creation of special economic zones (for Determinants of Public Servants’ Performance in Federal Public Service Sectors in Ethiopia Download; XML; Institutional Autonomy of Ethiopian Public Universities:: An Application of the European University Autonomy Scorecard Methodology Download; XML; Outcomes and Challenges of the 1994 Ethiopian Education and Training Policy Reform Download; XML Ethiopia’s remarkable socio-economic transformation over the last decade has been marked by: a reorientation of expenditure from recurrent to capital; a significant . 3. Organisations, and even families and individuals, develop policies to guide their actions. 3, 2023 10 The Forest Policy Process, Regulatory, and Institutional Frameworks in Ethiopia Sep 10, 2021 · In 2018, Ethiopia enacted a new Proclamation No. Get the latest from EPI. tourism policy-making is a social process, which involves interacting, negotiating and col-laborating. An introduction to the policy process; theories, concepts, and models of public policy making, 3rd edition, Routledge, 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon Berglof E. EPI’s mission is to provide rigorous research, in-depth analysis, and the latest news on Ethiopian public policy. 2000, the nation implemented what it referred to as a ‘millennium development goal’, which was abolished and replaced by a ‘sustainable development goal’, indorsed on Sep. . Using the classroom as a laboratory, students will explore identity development and how the intersections of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other identities shape perceptions that inform decision-making and policy development. Jan 1, 2021 · The Role of Leadership in Policy Implementation: The Case of Selected Federal Public Institutions in Ethiopia. Prior to joining Duke in 2009, he worked for 24 years at the International Monetary Fund, where he was Deputy Director of the Fiscal Affairs Department and also spent two years as a senior IMF representative in India. Background of Public Policy Problems in Ethiopia Public policy problems pose significant challenges for governments around the world, including in Ethiopia. A graph of 1. Sc. Ethiopian Public Administration under Prosperity Government onward (2019) 11 1. Schmidt, E. Cause to be communicated in due time to the body responsible for framework procurements, complete information on procurements of the Public Body which can be executed in consolidation with procurements of other Public Bodies under a framework contract. This article explores public policy making in Ethiopia, examining the historical context of various governmental reforms, particularly since the 20th century. 5 percent. Drawing from surveys, interviews and archival documents, this article takes stock of key public policy actors and institutions in the Oromia regional state of Ethiopia. A lecturer of Puiblic Admnistration at Ambo University, Researcher: public policy · Experience: Ambo University · Location: Ethiopia · 112 connections on LinkedIn. 13, No. As Ethiopia becomes a middle-income country, we will also take steps to Jun 24, 2022 · In November 2020, Ethiopia descended into full-scale civil war which, owing to mass atrocities and regional intervention, metastasized into among the most acute humanitarian emergencies in the world. , 2016). Publication date: January 31 st 2023 Nov 6, 2019 · infrastructure, public policy constraints combine to impoverish pastoralists (ECHO, 2009). New Public Administration jobs added daily. Qualitative research strategy was implemented, and interview and review of document were used as data collection tools. View Henok Seyoum’s profile on LinkedIn, a professional community of 1 billion members. C. The policy sets out the country's vision for health and strategic objectives. Keywords: Ethiopia, Export–oriented growth strategy, Impediments, Implementation. May 12, 2004 · Public policy has an important role in formalizing and enhancing the development of rental markets through strengthening enforceable long-term security of tenure, providing legal cover to rental contracts, allowing tradability of long-term use rights through rental markets, and providing the institutional mechanism to enforce contracts and Tue, Dec 17th 2024 PSI Researchers Met with MoLS to Discuss TVET Teachers’ Competency Reform in Ethiopia; Mon, Dec 16th 2024 Investigating the Situations of Public and Communal Toilets in Addis Ababa; Mon, Dec 16th 2024 PSI Hosts 1st YES PACT Chapter Members Meeting for 2024/25; Wed, Dec 11th 2024 Ethiopia Country Economic Transformation Outlook Nov 14, 2024 · Biruk Haregu is a researcher, PhD candidate, and graduate research assistant. Apr 11, 2024 · Ethiopia Unveils Sweeping Public Service and Administration Reform Policy. Leverage your professional network, and get hired. This policy is about the utilization of the partnership and is implementation policy where preparation of the legal framework is taken as the priority activity. Facing food insecurity caused by drought, many pastoralis ts sell their livestock on the market. Besides, Copeland and Wexler (1995) implementation framework analysis was employed to analyse the policy implantation process. 37 ranks it 130 out of 142 countries, a -2. Ethiopia public expenditure review The attainment of the Construction Industry Policy goals and objectives requires the implementation of mutually reinforcing policy directions, identified in two categories, Overall Construction Industry Policy Directions, and Policy Direction for Cross-Cutting Issues. Land policy as a public policy refers to the goals that the government wants to achieve through the use of land as a resource, as well as the access and rights that people will have (Enemark et al. 0 Oct 23, 2024 · The root causes for Ethiopia’s predicament can be found in the proliferation of armed conflict throughout the country, as well as the misaligned policy priorities of the Abiy Ahmed regime. Important Guidelines for Printing and Photocopying Limited permission is granted free of charge to print or photocopy all pages of this Oct 29, 2018 · is Visiting Professor of the Practice of Public Policy, Sanford School of Public Policy, Duke University. 10, No. 11. (IIPHC) WHO country Office, MOH, Ethiopian Institute of Policy Studies (EIPS), USAID Ethiopia, and Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA). Conclusion 12 Reference 13 Introduction 1. Feb 1, 1993 · Produced in collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education. This document discusses Ethiopia's national health policy. Literature Review This chapter provides the key concept and theories of public policy. At present, the shortage of skilled manpower adversely affects the role of public administration in Ethiopia. Jun 15, 2022 · The Handbook for Ethiopian Public Administration Program Accreditation is a follow-up to the first handbook on Ethiopian Public Administration. 7176/PPAR/13-1-04. • In each policy pillar, comprehensiveness, both ongoing and %PDF-1. Objective of the Study Mainly this study attempts to analyze the National Youth Policy of Ethiopia. 2 percent per year between 1994 and 2015, far outpacing the overall population growth rate of 2. ” Ethiopia Strategy Support Program Working Paper 3. This document provides an introduction and background to a dissertation assessing how human resource management is evolving in private and public organizations in Ethiopia. legal, policy and institutional frameworks of privatization of public enterprise in Ethiopia. org Review of National Employment Policy of Ethiopia: Reference to Labor Proclamation 1156/2019 Zewdu Teshome Federal Meles Zenawi Leadership Academy, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia DOI: 10. Addressing the challenges of people. 2009. Document Details: You can find Legal Framework including PPP Guidelines, PPP Directive, PPP Proclamation and a list of PPP Projects (English and Ampharic) on the website for the Ministry of Finance, Ethiopia. Projects have touched on a range of topics including: Improving Data Quality of the Routine Health Information System to Support Evidence-Based Health Policy in Ethiopia This literature review focuses on the development of an ontology for public policy problems in Ethiopia. The purpose of reform is to reorient the Civil Services into a dynamic, efficient and accountable apparatus for public service delivery built on the ethos and values of integrity, impartiality and neutrality. o examine the implementation practice of Ethiopia‟s Industrial policy. Feb 29, 2024 · Below is a list of best universities in Ethiopia ranked based on their research performance in Public Policy / Administration. Accordingly, the study on which this article is based aspired to establish whether Public Administration education and training programmes being used at Ethiopian universities include public policy capacity development in order to provide civil servants with the policy skills that they need to function effectively in the execution of public The draft white paper provides a policy direction on major policy pillars: Labour, capital, land, technology, backward and forward linkages (inputs), power transmission, customs, environmental sustainability, gender mainstreaming, governance and coordination. Urban Development in Ethiopia: Challenges and Policy Responses 73 Author’s Copy civil service in the country makes itself accessible to the general public, seek to satisfy the needs of its clients, and strive for a higher quality of performance in its work. Feb 7, 2020 · The paper reviews Ethiopia’s public financial management system to identify challenges and opportunities to improve domestic resource mobilization for health and resource allocation within the Public Policy and Administration Research www. At the Ethiopian Policy Institute, we recognize that government policy plays a pivotal role in shaping the economic and social outcomes of a nation. 9, No. (2018). National Youth Policy of Ethiopia. The violent fragmentation of state authority tarnished Ethiopia’s internationally sanctioned role as regional peacekeeper and developmental Dec 19, 2024 · The Tigray war and its fallout strained Ethiopia’s public finances, as did turbulence in the global economy. Jul 25, 2007 · This article draws attention to the perennial problems and salient features of public policy-making in contemporary Ethiopia, namely, the imbalance between policy-making institutions and policy benefi ciaries, and how these have infl uenced policy formulation and implementation from 1991 to 2004. The FDRE Capacity Building Strategies assessment (2001) noted that knowledge and skills in public policy studies is limited in many of the public institutions in Ethiopia. , M. Ethiopia’s urban population grew 4. developing a single sector policy (that addresses private and public sector issues) and a common realistic expenditure program; common monitoring arrangements; and more coordinated procedures for funding and procurement. " The keynote addresses the challenges the private sector and youth face in Public Private Partnership program to realize the government’s partnership with the private sector. Dye, Thomas R. The theories aim to clarify issues that are associated with public policymaking and the role of policymakers. His research focuses on the political economy of development in Ethiopia and Africa, international development policy, industrial policy, agricultural policy, food security, and the impacts of climate change in developing countries. Sadik Taju, M. ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Public Procurement Reforms in Ethiopia: Policy and Institutional Challenges and Prospects BY Yirga Tesfahun A thesis submitted to the school of graduate studies of Addis Ababa University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of art in public management and policy (public policy) July, 2011 Addis Ababa ADDIS ABABA Mar 13, 2024 · UNHCR Refugee Policy Review Framework as at 30 June 2023 in the context of the implementation of the Word Bank IDA (International Development Association) WHR (Window for Host Communities and Refugees) Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, 2015. In Sep. INTRODUCTION Despite the apparent abundance of land, agricultural land with a dependable growing period represents a fraction of the total land area in Ethiopia. The growth deceleration, increasing risk premia due to political instability and global economic uncertainty, rising global interest rates, and slow growth in export performance imply the need to reconsider Ethiopia’s public debt sustai-na bility. Moreover, the volume is a valuable stepping stone for PA teaching and PA research in Ethiopia. Regional Gender Policy or Strategy 34 Suitable Organizational Structure 35 Sensitive Development Planning Process 39 Coordination with the Nongovernmental and Private Sectors 41 Budget for Policy Implementation 41 4. Mekelle University In collaboration with the Ethiopia Public Health Training Initiative, The Carter Center, the Ethiopia Ministry of Health, and the Ethiopia Ministry of Education 2005 Self-driven policy projects provide an experiential framework for identifying and implementing solutions to real-time public health challenges. The paper examines the policy-making process within the Ethiopian House of Peoples' Representatives (HPR) from 2010 to 2015, investigating the involvement of legislators, the timeliness of discussions, public accessibility to enacted laws, and the efficiency of oversight functions. We will ensure that the growing health insurance system and public financing allows all citizens of Ethiopia to access health care without the risk of being impoverished as a result of unplanned health spending. International Journal of Science, T echnology and Society . 8 Public service reform initiatives in Ethiopia 10 1. The study aims to provide a structured representation of concepts, relationships, and Latest Public Administration or Policy Jobs in Ethiopia - Addis Ababa | Fresh Graduates, NGO, Embassy, Bank, UN Vacancies with Attractive Salary Jun 7, 2012 · This material shows overall policy practice and challenges in the Ethiopian policy landscape. The review begins Jun 1, 2012 · Public policy is the business end of political science. The policy aims to create a transparent legal framework to support universities in focusing on Oct 22, 2020 · The Ethiopian Government has launched a policy on "Digital Ethiopia 2025-A Strategy for Ethiopia Inclusive Prosperity. “Urbanization and Spatial Connectivity in Ethiopia: Urban Growth Analysis using GIS. The public policymaking process in Ethiopia has, therefore, witnessed imbalances at two levels: first, between the executive and the legislature, and second, between policy elites (the party-fused Industrial Policy in Ethiopia − (Discussion Paper / Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik ; 2/2010) Bonn Birkland T. It mentions that the policy was developed by the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and places importance on primary health care. 68K citations received by 460 academic papers made by 2 universities in Ethiopia was used to calculate publications' ratings, which then were adjusted for release dates and added to final scores. Initially, the government was unitary and centralised; later, the EPRDF introduced a Sep 25, 2023 · This literature review focuses on the development of an ontology for public policy problems in Ethiopia. DOI: 10. mfvsc cmi hvde tzkrgg vbvs xyfb bdto kvgc vsijz ojqsr